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安卓 RemoteCallbackList 的使用 （应用篇）

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本文字数： 3k 阅读时长 ≈ 11 分钟

通过aidl，我们可以实现client（后称客户端）和server（服务端）的双向通信，有时候server和client处于不同的进程当中，如果client意外退出，server再向client发送消息的话，就有可能导致server端也退出。

安卓提供了 RemoteCallbackList 来为我们隐式解决了这种问题。

下面来看一个示范。

首先我们定义用于客户端向服务端通信的一个 aidl

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// ICallBackTestInterface.aidl
package com.callback;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

import com.callback.ICallbackTestCallback;

interface ICallBackTestInterface {
    // 向服务端注册客户端回调
    void register(ICallbackTestCallback callback);
    // 向服务端注销客户端回调
    void unregister(ICallbackTestCallback callback);
    // 向服务端发送消息
    void callServer(String msg);
}

其内的 ICallbackTestCallback 也是一个 aidl，其内容如下

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// ICallbackTestCallback.aidl
package com.callback;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface ICallbackTestCallback {
    /**
     * 服务端调用客户端的回调
     **/
    void onReceived(String msg);
}

编译之后我们可以看到，实际上 aidl 编译之后就会变成类似这样的内容

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public interface ICallbackTestCallback extends android.os.IInterface
{
    public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.callback.ICallbackTestCallback{
...

这个也是aidl的核心，实际上这个Stub是一个 Binder 的实现，并且还实现了我们定义在 aidl 里面的接口

服务端

服务端比较简单，直接贴代码

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//callbackserver.java
package com.callback.server;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

import com.callback.ICallBackTestInterface;
import com.callback.ICallbackTestCallback;

public class callbackserver extends Service {

    private final String TAG = "testcallback";

    // 这里的 clients 就是 RemoteCallbackList 的用法了，我们用它来存储注册了的客户端，然后在某些时候向注册了的客户端发送消息。
    private final RemoteCallbackList<ICallbackTestCallback> clients = new RemoteCallbackList<>();

    CallBackServer server = new CallBackServer();

    private boolean serverRunning = false;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.d(TAG,"callback test server create");
        // service 创建的时候，开一个线程去向注册了的客户端发送消息
        serverRunning = true;
        new Thread(serverRunnable).start();
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.d(TAG,"callback test server destroy");
        serverRunning = false;
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // 将一个实现了 ICallBackTestInterface.Stub 的Binder对象返回
        // 客户端调用 bind service 时会拿到一个返回的 Binder 对象，就是这里的 server，也就是一个
        // ICallBackTestInterface.Stub 实例
        return server;
    }

    /**
     * 返回给客户端的 Binder 对象的实现
     */
    private class CallBackServer extends ICallBackTestInterface.Stub {

        @Override
        public void register(ICallbackTestCallback callback) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d(TAG,"register callback from pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
            clients.register(callback);
        }

        @Override
        public void unregister(ICallbackTestCallback callback) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d(TAG,"unregister callback from pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
            clients.unregister(callback);
        }

        @Override
        public void callServer(String msg) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d(TAG,"received msg: " + msg + " . from pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
        }
    }

    // 向客户端发送消息的具体实现
    // 简单的做一个自增运算，然后发送回客户端
    private Runnable serverRunnable = () ->{
        int count = 0;
        while(serverRunning){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(500);
                noteClients(Integer.toString(count++));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };

    /**
     * 这里就是 RemoteCallbackList 的关键用法了
     * beginBroadcast 和 finishBroadcast 需要配套使用
     * beginBroadcast 会返回注册了的客户端数量，然后开一个循环依次取出客户端注册的回调，并调用回调内的
     * onReceived 函数。这个函数需要客户端实现 ICallbackTestCallback.Stub 之后，注册给服务端
     * @param msg
     */
    private void noteClients(String msg){
        int cb = clients.beginBroadcast();
        for(int i=0;i<cb;i++){
            try {
                clients.getBroadcastItem(i).onReceived(msg);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        clients.finishBroadcast();
    }
}

服务端对应的 AndroidMenifest.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.callback.server">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Server">
        <service android:name=".callbackserver"
            android:exported="true">

        </service>
    </application>

</manifest>

简单的表示有一个service就好，其他的内容和一般的app一样。
p.s: 这里我是将服务端和客户端分为两个app来实现了。

服务端的文件的结构如下

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C:.
├─aidl
│  └─com
│      └─callback
│            ICallbackTestCallback.aidl
│            ICallBackTestInterface.aidl
├─java
│  └─com
│      └─callback
│          └─server
│                  callbackserver.java
└─res
    ├─drawable
    ├─drawable-v24
    ├─layout
    ├─mipmap-anydpi-v26
    ├─mipmap-hdpi
    ├─mipmap-mdpi
    ├─mipmap-xhdpi
    ├─mipmap-xxhdpi
    ├─mipmap-xxxhdpi
    ├─values
    └─values-night

服务端的全部内容如上面所示。

客户端

客户端我们使用两个独立的进程（当时在同一个app里面）
客户端的 AndroidMenifest.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.callback.client">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="Client"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Client">
        <activity android:name=".ActivityB"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:process="com.callback.client.ActivityB"
            android:label="Activityb">
        </activity>

        <activity
            android:name=".ActivityA"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:process="com.callback.client.ActivityA"
            android:label="ActivityA">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

我定义了两个Activity，一个ActivityA，一个ActivityB。
ActivityA的实现如下

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package com.callback.client;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.callback.ICallbackTestCallback;
import com.callback.ICallBackTestInterface;

public class ActivityA extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    private final String TAG = "testcallback";

    private boolean bound = false;

    ICallBackTestInterface remoteServer = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button activityb = findViewById(R.id.startactivity);
        activityb.setText("open activity b");
        initClickListener();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        if(bound){
            registerCallback();
        }
        super.onResume();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        if(bound){
            unregisterCallback();
        }
        super.onPause();
    }



    private final ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection(){

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder service) {
            remoteServer = ICallBackTestInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
            registerCallback();
            bound = true;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {

        }
    };

    private ICallbackTestCallback callback = new ICallbackTestCallback.Stub(){

        @Override
        public void onReceived(String msg) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d(TAG,"received msg: " + msg + " . from server pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
        }
    };

    private void initClickListener(){
        Button button = findViewById(R.id.registerBotton);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        button=findViewById(R.id.unregisterBotton);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        button=findViewById(R.id.bindServer);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        button=findViewById(R.id.startactivity);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    private void unregisterCallback(){
        if(remoteServer != null){
            try {
                remoteServer.unregister(callback);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG," null remoteServer");
        }
    }

    private void callServer(String msg){
        if(remoteServer != null){
            try {
                remoteServer.callServer(msg);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG," null remoteServer");
        }
    }

    public void bindServer(){
        Intent serverIntent = new Intent();
        // 这里通过包名和class名来Bindservice。
        serverIntent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.callback.server","com.callback.server.callbackserver"));
        bindService(serverIntent,serviceConnection,Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    private void startActivity(){
        Intent intent = new Intent(ActivityA.this,ActivityB.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }

    public void registerCallback() {
        if(remoteServer != null){
            try {
                remoteServer.register(callback);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG," null remoteServer");
        }
    }

    // Activity 实现了 View.OnClickListener 的话，需要实现对应的接口 onClick
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        int id = view.getId();
        switch (id){
            case R.id.registerBotton:
                registerCallback();
                break;
            case R.id.unregisterBotton:
                unregisterCallback();
                break;
            case R.id.bindServer:
                bindServer();
                break;
            case R.id.startactivity:
                startActivity();
                break;
        }
    }
}

ActivityA对应的资源文件 activity_main.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".ActivityA">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/registerBotton"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        android:text="register"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/unregisterBotton"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/registerBotton"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        android:text="unregister"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/bindServer"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/unregisterBotton"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        android:text="Bind server"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/startactivity"
        android:textAllCaps="false"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/bindServer"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

ActivityB 的实现和 ActivityA基本一致。
客户端的文件结构如下

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C:.
├─aidl
│  └─com
│      └─callback
│              ICallbackTestCallback.aidl
│              ICallBackTestInterface.aidl
├─java
│  └─com
│      └─callback
│          └─client
│                  ActivityA.java
│                  ActivityB.java
└─res
    ├─drawable
    ├─drawable-v24
    ├─layout
    │      activity_main.xml
    ├─mipmap-anydpi-v26
    ├─mipmap-hdpi
    ├─mipmap-mdpi
    ├─mipmap-xhdpi
    ├─mipmap-xxhdpi
    ├─mipmap-xxxhdpi
    ├─values
    └─values-night

然后我们可以得到这样一个应用

上面有4个按钮，分别用来向服务端注册和注销自己，绑定服务端，和打开另外一个Activity。

使用

在分屏模式下可以同时打开两个Activity，分别点击两个Activity内的bind server和register。就可以在logcat内看到对应的内容了

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05-08 12:48:45.938  6671  6671 D testcallback: callback test server create
05-08 12:48:45.940  6671  6687 D testcallback: register callback from pid=6631
05-08 12:48:46.439  6631  6653 D testcallback: received msg: 0 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:46.940  6631  6653 D testcallback: received msg: 1 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:47.441  6631  6653 D testcallback: received msg: 2 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:47.944  6631  6653 D testcallback: received msg: 3 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:48.409  6671  6687 D testcallback: register callback from pid=6597
05-08 12:48:48.445  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 4 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:48.446  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 4 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:48.948  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 5 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:48.949  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 5 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:49.451  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 6 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:49.451  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 6 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:49.953  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 7 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:49.954  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 7 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:50.456  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 8 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:50.457  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 8 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:50.958  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 9 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:50.959  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 9 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:51.461  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 10 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:51.461  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 10 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:51.964  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 11 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:51.964  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 11 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:52.465  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 12 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:52.466  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 12 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:52.967  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 13 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:52.967  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 13 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:53.469  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 14 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:53.470  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 14 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:53.972  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 15 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:53.972  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 15 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:54.474  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 16 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:54.475  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 16 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:54.977  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 17 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:54.977  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 17 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:55.478  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 18 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:55.479  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 18 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:55.981  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 19 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:55.982  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 19 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:56.484  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 20 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:56.484  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 20 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:56.987  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 21 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:56.987  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 21 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:57.489  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 22 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:57.489  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 22 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:57.992  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 23 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:57.992  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 23 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:58.494  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 24 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:58.495  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 24 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:58.997  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 25 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:58.998  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 25 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:59.501  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 26 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:48:59.501  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 26 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:00.003  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 27 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:00.004  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 27 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:00.506  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 28 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:00.506  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 28 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:01.009  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 29 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:01.010  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 29 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:01.511  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 30 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:01.512  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 30 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:02.014  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 31 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:02.014  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 31 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:02.517  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 32 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:02.517  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 32 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:03.019  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 33 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:03.019  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 33 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:03.521  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 34 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:03.522  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 34 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:04.024  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 35 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:04.024  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 35 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:04.527  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 36 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:04.527  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 36 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:05.030  6597  6614 D testcallback: received msg: 37 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:05.030  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 37 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:05.329  6671  6687 D testcallback: unregister callback from pid=6597
05-08 12:49:05.533  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 38 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:06.034  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 39 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:06.537  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 40 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:07.039  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 41 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:07.542  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 42 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:08.043  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 43 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:08.545  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 44 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:09.046  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 45 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:09.548  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 46 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:10.051  6631  6648 D testcallback: received msg: 47 . from server pid=6671
05-08 12:49:10.513  6671  6687 D testcallback: unregister callback from pid=6631
05-08 12:49:14.176  6671  6687 D testcallback: unregister callback from pid=6631
05-08 12:49:14.896  6671  6687 D testcallback: unregister callback from pid=6597